Petrolatum

What it is

Petrolatum, commonly known as petroleum jelly, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons refined from crude oil. Cosmetic and pharmaceutical grades are highly refined and purified to remove impurities. It has been used as a skin protectant since the 1870s.

Function

Petrolatum is classified as an occlusive: it forms a physical, water-resistant barrier on the skin surface that seals in moisture. It is widely regarded as the most effective occlusive moisturiser, with studies showing it can reduce trans-epidermal water loss by 50% to 99%. It is FDA-approved as a skin protectant and appears in healing ointments and nappy-rash creams.

Properties

Petrolatum has a low allergenic potential and does not sting on application, which makes it suitable for sensitive skin. Because it sits on the surface and forms a heavy occlusive layer rather than absorbing, it can feel greasy and, in some settings, contribute to congestion. Research on barrier-defective skin has shown it also supports antimicrobial and epidermal barrier responses.

In tattoo aftercare

Petrolatum is the base of traditional occlusive ointments (such as Bepanthen and Aquaphor) long used for tattoo aftercare. A moist wound environment supports healing, which is the rationale for occlusive use, but the same heavy sealing can trap heat and moisture. Many contemporary aftercare products are formulated as lighter, non-occlusive alternatives.

Considerations

A heavy occlusive layer over a fresh tattoo can trap heat and moisture. Where petrolatum is used, a thin layer rather than a thick one is generally advised. Its heaviness is the main reason newer aftercare formulations position themselves as petroleum-free.

This is general, factual information about a cosmetic ingredient, not medical advice or a product recommendation. If your skin reacts to anything during healing, stop using it and speak to your artist or a GP.